Bhang, a cannabis beverage of India

Bhang is a traditional Indian beverage prepared from the fresh green leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant.  The plant material is steeped in hot water and drained; then it is repeatedly pounded with warm creamy milk, and strained through a cloth.  Bhang is typically served as a sweet dairy drink flavored with nuts and spices — a cannabis lassi.  It has been offered for centuries at Hindu religious festivals, particularly those honoring Shiva.

This paper was part of a project presented by my collaborator, Aelia Fortunata, at St. Eligius in November 2023.